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JsonChao
Awesome-Algorithm-Study
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package array_problem;
//https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/sort-colors/:颜色分类
/**
* 给定一个包含红色、白色和蓝色,一共 n 个元素的数组,原地对它们进行排序,使得相同颜色的元素相邻,并按照红色、白色、蓝色顺序排列。
*
* 此题中,我们使用整数 0、 1 和 2 分别表示红色、白色和蓝色。
*
* 注意:
* 不能使用代码库中的排序函数来解决这道题。
*
* 示例:
*
* 输入: [2,0,2,1,1,0]
* 输出: [0,0,1,1,2,2]
* 进阶:
*
* 一个直观的解决方案是使用计数排序的两趟扫描算法。
* 首先,迭代计算出0、1 和 2 元素的个数,然后按照0、1、2的排序,重写当前数组。
* 你能想出一个仅使用常数空间的一趟扫描算法吗?
*
* 1、计数排序:分别统计0、1、2元素的个数。
* 2、三路快排。
*
* 计数排序思路,对整个数组遍历了两遍
* O(n)
* O(K),k为元素的取值范围
*/
public class Solution75 {
public void sortColors(int[] nums) {
// 使用一个数组统计每个值出现的频率
int[] count = {0, 0, 0};
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
assert nums[i] >= 0 && nums[i] <= 2;
count[nums[i]] ++;
}
// 拼装成 0、1、2 排序的新数组
int k = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < count[0]; i++) {
nums[k++] = 0;
}
for (int i = 0; i < count[1]; i++) {
nums[k++] = 1;
}
for (int i = 0; i < count[2]; i++) {
nums[k++] = 2;
}
}
}
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