From 447c7c9a5505c94ceb44b8aa1df77313c2f16389 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: compiler-segfault <2671715549@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Nov 2026 16:39:06 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] PostgreSQL: bind unary plus and minus tighter than `^`

---
 src/dialect/mod.rs          |  8 +++++++
 src/dialect/postgresql.rs   |  8 +++++++
 src/parser/mod.rs           |  4 +---
 tests/sqlparser_postgres.rs | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/dialect/mod.rs b/src/dialect/mod.rs
index 3b3c351b9e..dbc54465b3 100644
--- a/src/dialect/mod.rs
+++ b/src/dialect/mod.rs
@@ -1185,6 +1185,14 @@ pub trait Dialect: Debug + Any {
         self.prec_value(Precedence::Between)
     }
 
+    /// Precedence used to stop parsing the operand of the unary `+` and `-` operators.
+    ///
+    /// Defaults to `MulDivModOp`, which is right for dialects where no binary operator binds
+    /// tighter than `*`, `/` and `%`.
+    fn unary_operand_precedence(&self) -> u8 {
+        self.prec_value(Precedence::MulDivModOp)
+    }
+
     /// Returns true if the low bound of a `BETWEEN` predicate may end with one comparison,
     /// as in `a BETWEEN b > 1 AND c`, while `IS`, `LIKE` and `BETWEEN` still end the bound.
     ///
diff --git a/src/dialect/postgresql.rs b/src/dialect/postgresql.rs
index df81c13fd9..0abcdd922c 100644
--- a/src/dialect/postgresql.rs
+++ b/src/dialect/postgresql.rs
@@ -209,6 +209,10 @@ const PERIOD_PREC: u8 = 200;
 const DOUBLE_COLON_PREC: u8 = 140;
 const BRACKET_PREC: u8 = 130;
 const COLLATE_PREC: u8 = 120;
+// `UMINUS` sits between `COLLATE`/`AT` and `'[' ']'` in gram.y, so a unary `+`/`-` operand may
+// still take `.`, `::` and `[]`, but no other operator:
+// <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-PRECEDENCE>
+const UNARY_OPERAND_PREC: u8 = COLLATE_PREC;
 const AT_TZ_PREC: u8 = 110;
 const CARET_PREC: u8 = 100;
 const MUL_DIV_MOD_OP_PREC: u8 = 90;
@@ -390,6 +394,10 @@ impl Dialect for PostgreSqlDialect {
         }
     }
 
+    fn unary_operand_precedence(&self) -> u8 {
+        UNARY_OPERAND_PREC
+    }
+
     fn allow_extract_custom(&self) -> bool {
         true
     }
diff --git a/src/parser/mod.rs b/src/parser/mod.rs
index 5ad3fc9639..9cb3f75b18 100644
--- a/src/parser/mod.rs
+++ b/src/parser/mod.rs
@@ -2017,9 +2017,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 };
                 Ok(Expr::UnaryOp {
                     op,
-                    expr: Box::new(
-                        self.parse_subexpr(self.dialect.prec_value(Precedence::MulDivModOp))?,
-                    ),
+                    expr: Box::new(self.parse_subexpr(self.dialect.unary_operand_precedence())?),
                 })
             }
             Token::ExclamationMark if dialect.supports_bang_not_operator() => Ok(Expr::UnaryOp {
diff --git a/tests/sqlparser_postgres.rs b/tests/sqlparser_postgres.rs
index 5f8cf75149..61a396b738 100644
--- a/tests/sqlparser_postgres.rs
+++ b/tests/sqlparser_postgres.rs
@@ -13430,3 +13430,47 @@ fn display_maintain_privilege_propagates_formatter_errors() {
         Err(fmt::Error)
     );
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_unary_operand_binds_tighter_than_exponentiation() {
+    // `UMINUS` is declared above `^` in gram.y, so `-1 ^ 0` means `(-1) ^ 0`.
+    let minus_one = Expr::UnaryOp {
+        op: UnaryOperator::Minus,
+        expr: Box::new(Expr::value(number("1"))),
+    };
+    let plus_two = Expr::UnaryOp {
+        op: UnaryOperator::Plus,
+        expr: Box::new(Expr::value(number("2"))),
+    };
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        pg().verified_expr("-1 ^ 0"),
+        Expr::BinaryOp {
+            left: Box::new(minus_one),
+            op: BinaryOperator::PGExp,
+            right: Box::new(Expr::value(number("0"))),
+        }
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        pg().verified_expr("+2 ^ 2"),
+        Expr::BinaryOp {
+            left: Box::new(plus_two),
+            op: BinaryOperator::PGExp,
+            right: Box::new(Expr::value(number("2"))),
+        }
+    );
+
+    // Operators that bind looser than `^` keep the unary operator on the left-hand side.
+    let minus_a = Expr::UnaryOp {
+        op: UnaryOperator::Minus,
+        expr: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("a"))),
+    };
+    assert_eq!(
+        pg().verified_expr("-a * b"),
+        Expr::BinaryOp {
+            left: Box::new(minus_a),
+            op: BinaryOperator::Multiply,
+            right: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("b"))),
+        }
+    );
+}