diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index d548eb7b..5b95fac1 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -25,6 +25,12 @@
 
 ### Added
 
+- **openkal 0.25 一族，一次变更：openkal 0.25.0、openkal-kit 0.3.1、openkal-linux 0.26.0、openkal-macos 0.23.0、
+  openkal-windows 0.21.0、openkal-emscripten 0.14.0、openkal-opensbi 0.9.0。** 规范新增 `kal_fs_hard_link`（按卷由
+  `KAL_FS_PROP_HARD_LINKS` 回答，条款 11 第 59 条），`kal_process_stop_requested` 的字改为计数每次结束请求（第 60 条）；一致性
+  套件按 mtest 测试协议报告，并核对实现清单的 `provides-interfaces`、`kal_interfaces()` 与导出名。各实现提供上述两项，测试改为
+  mtest 的用例；openkal-emscripten 声明 `requires = ["mcpp:c-abi"]`。`tests/examples/openkal` 改用此族，新增成员
+  `tests/examples/openkal-kit` 作为 kit 的直接使用者。kit 0.3.1 修正 `format_v4` 只写端口前三位数字的错误（8080 写作 080）。
 - **mcpplibs.os 0.4.3.** 依赖改为同时容纳 openkal 0.24 与 0.25 两族的版本区间（openkal `>=0.24.0, <0.26.0`，各实现同理），
   mcpp 版本下限不变；openkal 实现以 mtest 测试自身时，经 mtest 到达 os 的图得以解析（mcpplibs/os#23）。
 - **openkal-platform 0.24.5、openkal-image 0.5.4（openkal-ld、openkal-run、openkal-tools、openkal-bind）、mcpplibs.os 0.4.2，
diff --git a/mcpp.toml b/mcpp.toml
index 25050548..fa0312e3 100644
--- a/mcpp.toml
+++ b/mcpp.toml
@@ -260,6 +260,7 @@ members = [
     "tests/examples/rapidcsv",
     "tests/examples/mcr",
     "tests/examples/openkal",
+    "tests/examples/openkal-kit",
     "tests/examples/openkal-musl",
     "tests/examples/openkal-platform",
     "tests/examples/compiler-rt-builtins",
diff --git a/pkgs/o/openkal-emscripten.lua b/pkgs/o/openkal-emscripten.lua
index 51615a8a..afec6153 100644
--- a/pkgs/o/openkal-emscripten.lua
+++ b/pkgs/o/openkal-emscripten.lua
@@ -46,6 +46,13 @@ package = {
 
     xpm = {
         linux = {
+            ["0.14.0"] = {
+                url = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-emscripten/archive/refs/tags/0.14.0.tar.gz",
+                    CN = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal-emscripten/releases/download/0.14.0/openkal-emscripten-0.14.0.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "d8d9e4b437bc0deeccab274d54a6f99eba7b9e77b9333c22377949893d5e7aab",
+            },
             ["0.13.0"] = {
                 url = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-emscripten/archive/refs/tags/0.13.0.tar.gz",
@@ -153,6 +160,13 @@ package = {
             },
         },
         macosx = {
+            ["0.14.0"] = {
+                url = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-emscripten/archive/refs/tags/0.14.0.tar.gz",
+                    CN = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal-emscripten/releases/download/0.14.0/openkal-emscripten-0.14.0.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "d8d9e4b437bc0deeccab274d54a6f99eba7b9e77b9333c22377949893d5e7aab",
+            },
             ["0.13.0"] = {
                 url = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-emscripten/archive/refs/tags/0.13.0.tar.gz",
@@ -260,6 +274,13 @@ package = {
             },
         },
         windows = {
+            ["0.14.0"] = {
+                url = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-emscripten/archive/refs/tags/0.14.0.tar.gz",
+                    CN = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal-emscripten/releases/download/0.14.0/openkal-emscripten-0.14.0.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "d8d9e4b437bc0deeccab274d54a6f99eba7b9e77b9333c22377949893d5e7aab",
+            },
             ["0.13.0"] = {
                 url = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-emscripten/archive/refs/tags/0.13.0.tar.gz",
diff --git a/pkgs/o/openkal-kit.lua b/pkgs/o/openkal-kit.lua
index fed237c5..6f3559c5 100644
--- a/pkgs/o/openkal-kit.lua
+++ b/pkgs/o/openkal-kit.lua
@@ -41,6 +41,13 @@ package = {
 
     xpm = {
         linux = {
+            ["0.3.1"] = {
+                url = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal/archive/refs/tags/kit-0.3.1.tar.gz",
+                    CN = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal/releases/download/kit-0.3.1/openkal-kit-0.3.1.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "81cea3b8a749089a39bfbed4dfa7a90603383152120a8b88c81fd4d206880a8d",
+            },
             ["0.2.0"] = {
                 url    = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal/archive/refs/tags/kit-0.2.0.tar.gz",
@@ -57,6 +64,13 @@ package = {
             },
         },
         macosx = {
+            ["0.3.1"] = {
+                url = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal/archive/refs/tags/kit-0.3.1.tar.gz",
+                    CN = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal/releases/download/kit-0.3.1/openkal-kit-0.3.1.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "81cea3b8a749089a39bfbed4dfa7a90603383152120a8b88c81fd4d206880a8d",
+            },
             ["0.2.0"] = {
                 url    = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal/archive/refs/tags/kit-0.2.0.tar.gz",
@@ -73,6 +87,13 @@ package = {
             },
         },
         windows = {
+            ["0.3.1"] = {
+                url = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal/archive/refs/tags/kit-0.3.1.tar.gz",
+                    CN = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal/releases/download/kit-0.3.1/openkal-kit-0.3.1.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "81cea3b8a749089a39bfbed4dfa7a90603383152120a8b88c81fd4d206880a8d",
+            },
             ["0.2.0"] = {
                 url    = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal/archive/refs/tags/kit-0.2.0.tar.gz",
diff --git a/pkgs/o/openkal-linux.lua b/pkgs/o/openkal-linux.lua
index 042c3c5e..13d1394b 100644
--- a/pkgs/o/openkal-linux.lua
+++ b/pkgs/o/openkal-linux.lua
@@ -19,6 +19,13 @@ package = {
 
     xpm = {
         linux = {
+            ["0.26.0"] = {
+                url = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-linux/archive/refs/tags/0.26.0.tar.gz",
+                    CN = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal-linux/releases/download/0.26.0/openkal-linux-0.26.0.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "07b9a68742a3d40a9d74cf1a60f9dabb73ebebf594d4321333fa9ac88dccaa49",
+            },
             ["0.25.0"] = {
                 url = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-linux/archive/refs/tags/0.25.0.tar.gz",
@@ -245,6 +252,13 @@ package = {
             },
         },
         macosx = {
+            ["0.26.0"] = {
+                url = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-linux/archive/refs/tags/0.26.0.tar.gz",
+                    CN = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal-linux/releases/download/0.26.0/openkal-linux-0.26.0.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "07b9a68742a3d40a9d74cf1a60f9dabb73ebebf594d4321333fa9ac88dccaa49",
+            },
             ["0.25.0"] = {
                 url = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-linux/archive/refs/tags/0.25.0.tar.gz",
@@ -471,6 +485,13 @@ package = {
             },
         },
         windows = {
+            ["0.26.0"] = {
+                url = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-linux/archive/refs/tags/0.26.0.tar.gz",
+                    CN = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal-linux/releases/download/0.26.0/openkal-linux-0.26.0.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "07b9a68742a3d40a9d74cf1a60f9dabb73ebebf594d4321333fa9ac88dccaa49",
+            },
             ["0.25.0"] = {
                 url = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-linux/archive/refs/tags/0.25.0.tar.gz",
diff --git a/pkgs/o/openkal-macos.lua b/pkgs/o/openkal-macos.lua
index 6c552975..afdb2b3f 100644
--- a/pkgs/o/openkal-macos.lua
+++ b/pkgs/o/openkal-macos.lua
@@ -19,6 +19,13 @@ package = {
 
     xpm = {
         linux = {
+            ["0.23.0"] = {
+                url = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-macos/archive/refs/tags/0.23.0.tar.gz",
+                    CN = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal-macos/releases/download/0.23.0/openkal-macos-0.23.0.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "b1a061939bd99b8a888182223f1e68c9a2e036266af34569d5c4307abc2d151c",
+            },
             ["0.22.1"] = {
                 url = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-macos/archive/refs/tags/0.22.1.tar.gz",
@@ -259,6 +266,13 @@ package = {
             },
         },
         macosx = {
+            ["0.23.0"] = {
+                url = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-macos/archive/refs/tags/0.23.0.tar.gz",
+                    CN = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal-macos/releases/download/0.23.0/openkal-macos-0.23.0.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "b1a061939bd99b8a888182223f1e68c9a2e036266af34569d5c4307abc2d151c",
+            },
             ["0.22.1"] = {
                 url = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-macos/archive/refs/tags/0.22.1.tar.gz",
@@ -499,6 +513,13 @@ package = {
             },
         },
         windows = {
+            ["0.23.0"] = {
+                url = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-macos/archive/refs/tags/0.23.0.tar.gz",
+                    CN = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal-macos/releases/download/0.23.0/openkal-macos-0.23.0.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "b1a061939bd99b8a888182223f1e68c9a2e036266af34569d5c4307abc2d151c",
+            },
             ["0.22.1"] = {
                 url = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-macos/archive/refs/tags/0.22.1.tar.gz",
diff --git a/pkgs/o/openkal-opensbi.lua b/pkgs/o/openkal-opensbi.lua
index 419f1363..9facaaf3 100644
--- a/pkgs/o/openkal-opensbi.lua
+++ b/pkgs/o/openkal-opensbi.lua
@@ -20,6 +20,13 @@ package = {
 
     xpm = {
         linux = {
+            ["0.9.0"] = {
+                url    = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-opensbi/archive/refs/tags/0.9.0.tar.gz",
+                    CN     = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal-opensbi/releases/download/0.9.0/openkal-opensbi-0.9.0.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "70bf7414283bb431bf1d1db05f75e432bf1187d60e7000063bb7d103088576a7",
+            },
             ["0.8.3"] = {
                 url    = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-opensbi/archive/refs/tags/0.8.3.tar.gz",
@@ -127,6 +134,13 @@ package = {
             },
         },
         macosx = {
+            ["0.9.0"] = {
+                url    = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-opensbi/archive/refs/tags/0.9.0.tar.gz",
+                    CN     = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal-opensbi/releases/download/0.9.0/openkal-opensbi-0.9.0.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "70bf7414283bb431bf1d1db05f75e432bf1187d60e7000063bb7d103088576a7",
+            },
             ["0.8.3"] = {
                 url    = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-opensbi/archive/refs/tags/0.8.3.tar.gz",
@@ -234,6 +248,13 @@ package = {
             },
         },
         windows = {
+            ["0.9.0"] = {
+                url    = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-opensbi/archive/refs/tags/0.9.0.tar.gz",
+                    CN     = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal-opensbi/releases/download/0.9.0/openkal-opensbi-0.9.0.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "70bf7414283bb431bf1d1db05f75e432bf1187d60e7000063bb7d103088576a7",
+            },
             ["0.8.3"] = {
                 url    = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-opensbi/archive/refs/tags/0.8.3.tar.gz",
diff --git a/pkgs/o/openkal-windows.lua b/pkgs/o/openkal-windows.lua
index 30963148..dc1ba4fc 100644
--- a/pkgs/o/openkal-windows.lua
+++ b/pkgs/o/openkal-windows.lua
@@ -21,6 +21,13 @@ package = {
 
     xpm = {
         linux = {
+            ["0.21.0"] = {
+                url = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-windows/archive/refs/tags/0.21.0.tar.gz",
+                    CN = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal-windows/releases/download/0.21.0/openkal-windows-0.21.0.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "585370e929875f996ec0283695c3d7768ce00f4c126be1c0cbd6d40ef1cc0757",
+            },
             ["0.20.0"] = {
                 url = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-windows/archive/refs/tags/0.20.0.tar.gz",
@@ -254,6 +261,13 @@ package = {
             },
         },
         macosx = {
+            ["0.21.0"] = {
+                url = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-windows/archive/refs/tags/0.21.0.tar.gz",
+                    CN = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal-windows/releases/download/0.21.0/openkal-windows-0.21.0.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "585370e929875f996ec0283695c3d7768ce00f4c126be1c0cbd6d40ef1cc0757",
+            },
             ["0.20.0"] = {
                 url = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-windows/archive/refs/tags/0.20.0.tar.gz",
@@ -487,6 +501,13 @@ package = {
             },
         },
         windows = {
+            ["0.21.0"] = {
+                url = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-windows/archive/refs/tags/0.21.0.tar.gz",
+                    CN = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal-windows/releases/download/0.21.0/openkal-windows-0.21.0.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "585370e929875f996ec0283695c3d7768ce00f4c126be1c0cbd6d40ef1cc0757",
+            },
             ["0.20.0"] = {
                 url = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal-windows/archive/refs/tags/0.20.0.tar.gz",
diff --git a/pkgs/o/openkal.lua b/pkgs/o/openkal.lua
index 7eefa7f8..aab2946b 100644
--- a/pkgs/o/openkal.lua
+++ b/pkgs/o/openkal.lua
@@ -22,6 +22,13 @@ package = {
 
     xpm = {
         linux = {
+            ["0.25.0"] = {
+                url = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal/archive/refs/tags/0.25.0.tar.gz",
+                    CN = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal/releases/download/0.25.0/openkal-0.25.0.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "5dd0e82bd150562bd26824f515698d45e71157adcbe97289b28c3e399acc0771",
+            },
             ["0.24.0"] = {
                 url = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal/archive/refs/tags/0.24.0.tar.gz",
@@ -192,6 +199,13 @@ package = {
             },
         },
         macosx = {
+            ["0.25.0"] = {
+                url = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal/archive/refs/tags/0.25.0.tar.gz",
+                    CN = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal/releases/download/0.25.0/openkal-0.25.0.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "5dd0e82bd150562bd26824f515698d45e71157adcbe97289b28c3e399acc0771",
+            },
             ["0.24.0"] = {
                 url = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal/archive/refs/tags/0.24.0.tar.gz",
@@ -362,6 +376,13 @@ package = {
             },
         },
         windows = {
+            ["0.25.0"] = {
+                url = {
+                    GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal/archive/refs/tags/0.25.0.tar.gz",
+                    CN = "https://gitcode.com/mcpp-res/openkal/releases/download/0.25.0/openkal-0.25.0.tar.gz",
+                },
+                sha256 = "5dd0e82bd150562bd26824f515698d45e71157adcbe97289b28c3e399acc0771",
+            },
             ["0.24.0"] = {
                 url = {
                     GLOBAL = "https://github.com/mcpplibs/openkal/archive/refs/tags/0.24.0.tar.gz",
diff --git a/tests/examples/openkal-kit/mcpp.toml b/tests/examples/openkal-kit/mcpp.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..40101ca9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/examples/openkal-kit/mcpp.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# openkal-kit test project: the facilities composed from openkal's interfaces,
+# consumed as a program consumes them --- the kit, the specification it is
+# written against, and the implementation for this system. The observation is
+# of behaviour (tests/kit.cpp): an endpoint is parsed and written back, and a
+# malformed one is refused.
+[package]
+name    = "openkal-kit-tests"
+version = "0.1.0"
+
+[dependencies.mcpplibs]
+openkal     = "0.25.0"
+openkal-kit = "0.3.1"
+
+[target.'cfg(os = "linux")'.dependencies.mcpplibs]
+openkal-linux = "0.26.0"
+
+[target.'cfg(os = "macos")'.dependencies.mcpplibs]
+openkal-macos = "0.23.0"
+
+[target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies.mcpplibs]
+openkal-windows = "0.21.0"
+
+# This member names mcpplibs packages, which the workspace root's single
+# redirect does not carry, so it states its own.
+[indices]
+mcpplibs = { path = "../../.." }
diff --git a/tests/examples/openkal-kit/tests/kit.cpp b/tests/examples/openkal-kit/tests/kit.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..519abb6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/examples/openkal-kit/tests/kit.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// openkal-kit through the index: an endpoint parsed, written back and refused
+// when malformed, which is the kit's behaviour and not only its declarations.
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+import openkal.types;
+import openkal.kit.endpoint;
+
+int main() {
+    using namespace kal::kit;
+    int failures = 0;
+    auto check = [&](bool held, const char* what) {
+        if (!held) { std::printf("FAIL: %s\n", what); ++failures; }
+    };
+    const auto r = parse_v4("127.0.0.1:8080", 14);
+    check(r.ok && r.ep.addr_len == 4 && r.ep.port == 8080, "an address with a port parses");
+    char out[32];
+    const auto f = format_v4(r.ep, out, sizeof out);
+    check(f.ok && f.n == 14 && std::memcmp(out, "127.0.0.1:8080", 14) == 0,
+          "and is written back as it was given");
+    check(!parse_v4("256.0.0.1", 9).ok, "an octet past 255 is refused");
+    check(!parse_v4("1.2.3", 5).ok, "three octets are refused");
+    if (failures == 0) std::printf("openkal-kit: an endpoint parsed, written back and refused\n");
+    return failures == 0 ? 0 : 1;
+}
diff --git a/tests/examples/openkal/mcpp.toml b/tests/examples/openkal/mcpp.toml
index 666f8864..bb182f98 100644
--- a/tests/examples/openkal/mcpp.toml
+++ b/tests/examples/openkal/mcpp.toml
@@ -18,25 +18,25 @@ name    = "openkal-tests"
 version = "0.1.0"
 
 [dependencies.mcpplibs]
-openkal = "0.24.0"
+openkal = "0.25.0"
 
 [target.'cfg(os = "linux")'.dependencies.mcpplibs]
-openkal-linux = "0.25.0"
+openkal-linux = "0.26.0"
 
 [target.'cfg(os = "macos")'.dependencies.mcpplibs]
-openkal-macos = "0.22.1"
+openkal-macos = "0.23.0"
 
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies.mcpplibs]
-openkal-windows = "0.20.0"
+openkal-windows = "0.21.0"
 
 [target.'cfg(all(os = "linux", env = "musl"))'.dependencies.mcpplibs]
 openkal-llvm-runtime = "0.19.2"
 
 [target.'cfg(arch = "wasm32")'.dependencies.mcpplibs]
-openkal-emscripten = "0.13.0"
+openkal-emscripten = "0.14.0"
 
 [target.'cfg(arch = "riscv64")'.dependencies.mcpplibs]
-openkal-opensbi = "0.8.3"
+openkal-opensbi = "0.9.0"
 
 # This member names mcpplibs packages, which the workspace root's single
 # redirect does not carry, so it states its own (mcpp.toml at the root says why
diff --git a/tests/examples/openkal/tests/kal.cpp b/tests/examples/openkal/tests/kal.cpp
index e3de277b..be8d502b 100644
--- a/tests/examples/openkal/tests/kal.cpp
+++ b/tests/examples/openkal/tests/kal.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@
 // (0.22) the null device beside a stream at one position is refused, and is
 // refused as unsupported where the implementation does not state it; (0.23) a
 // region at an address, zero; a read-only attenuation; the machine's memory
-// and the resource preference.
+// and the resource preference; (0.25) where the volume states it, a second name
+// for a file reads as the first, and a name that is taken is refused.
 // The terminal is not observed here,
 // because a test run has none; the implementations observe it on a terminal
 // they make.
@@ -109,6 +110,25 @@ int main() {
         kal_fs_remove(root, "okt.a", 5);
         kal_fs_remove(root, "okt.b", 5);
     }
+    if (root.h && (kal_fs_props(root) & KAL_FS_PROP_HARD_LINKS) != 0) {
+        kal_file f{};
+        if (kal_fs_open(root, "okt.h", 5, KAL_OPEN_WRITE | KAL_OPEN_CREATE | KAL_OPEN_TRUNCATE, &f) == kal_ok) {
+            kal_stream_write(kal_fs_stream(f), "linked", 6);
+            kal_fs_close_file(f);
+        }
+        check(kal_fs_hard_link(root, "okt.h", 5, root, "okt.l", 5) == kal_ok, "a file is given a second name");
+        char b[8] = {};
+        kal_file g{};
+        if (kal_fs_open(root, "okt.l", 5, KAL_OPEN_READ, &g) == kal_ok) {
+            check(kal_stream_read(kal_fs_stream(g), b, sizeof b) == 6 && b[0] == 'l' && b[5] == 'd',
+                  "and the second name reads as the first");
+            kal_fs_close_file(g);
+        }
+        check(kal_fs_hard_link(root, "okt.h", 5, root, "okt.l", 5) == kal_err_exists,
+              "a second name that is taken is refused");
+        kal_fs_remove(root, "okt.l", 5);
+        kal_fs_remove(root, "okt.h", 5);
+    }
 
     if ((kal_process_props() & KAL_PROCESS_PROP_ONE_STRING) == 0 && root.h) {
         // Where a program receives a vector, a joined command line has no