diff --git a/coverage/syntax/cases/ddl.jsonl b/coverage/syntax/cases/ddl.jsonl
index 108052a14..5db4cfcb4 100644
--- a/coverage/syntax/cases/ddl.jsonl
+++ b/coverage/syntax/cases/ddl.jsonl
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-application.set.k2de113512ad4","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-application.set.o018"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER APPLICATION v1 SET DEBUG_MODE = TRUE ;","sql_sha256":"2de113512ad44cc9a9ddb3fb01ffd1a42a521397013c9ddfa225ab4d5e440f23","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-application.set.k367f5424dd36","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-application.set.o004"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER APPLICATION SET COMMENT = 'm' ;","sql_sha256":"367f5424dd36c72f5812eb9ee3244a251a4b23ea76110194ae10cf73e68c7490"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-application.set.k40bffddc09a8","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-application.set.o032"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER APPLICATION v1 SET AUTHORIZE_RESTRICTED_PROVIDER_REMOTE_OPERATIONS_UNTIL = ;","sql_sha256":"40bffddc09a863c47bf9dac9579bd5c5c2eb47f57d84c6dc5ecfdcb254ce677f"}
-{"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-application.set.k58044f9d26e1","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-application.set.o036"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER APPLICATION v1 SET COMMENT = 'm' , DEBUG_MODE = TRUE ;","sql_sha256":"58044f9d26e1ea532441420911e587e7b9a531365f5afa6fcd8d751fa47671f0"}
+{"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-application.set.k58044f9d26e1","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-application.set.o036"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER APPLICATION v1 SET COMMENT = 'm' , DEBUG_MODE = TRUE ;","sql_sha256":"58044f9d26e1ea532441420911e587e7b9a531365f5afa6fcd8d751fa47671f0","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-application.set.k586187543b85","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-application.set.o024"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER APPLICATION v1 SET AUTHORIZE_RESTRICTED_PROVIDER_REMOTE_OPERATIONS_UNTIL = 'NEVER' ;","sql_sha256":"586187543b85facd01a5c8dd241ecd1276e08534d5991b72c5ec61888779160e","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-application.set.k6227a4f91da3","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-application.set.o030"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER APPLICATION v1 SET SHARE_EVENTS_WITH_PROVIDER = ;","sql_sha256":"6227a4f91da3b942f57204fe28bb13ddbf0cc8e8c7943b12b6ef555b204a4640"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-application.set.k7640a6778b47","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-application.set.o019"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER APPLICATION v1 SET DEBUG_MODE = FALSE ;","sql_sha256":"7640a6778b479a7caeb257abdd2369bb06216c300fbf9f0771084aea21c2bed9","stage":"semantic"}
@@ -6534,7 +6534,7 @@
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-pipe.set.kde22483f2812","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-pipe.set.o004"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER PIPE SET COMMENT = 'm' ;","sql_sha256":"de22483f2812155b48e0aa07fe28a2f7120ebcb7de394af8b18a554ffeb2ef49"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-pipe.set.kde56bb3aa5d7","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-pipe.set.o019"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER PIPE \"v1 Q\" SET COMMENT = 'm' ;","sql_sha256":"de56bb3aa5d78088bec61c254fc5de50217ed32b255491c3e255bd88411b6207","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-pipe.set.ke92d7de32847","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-pipe.set.o013"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER PIPE v1 SET COMMENT = ;","sql_sha256":"e92d7de32847732bcaedc9a2e0a994fcb9b6c90a612bfea92da047933dfbe49e"}
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+{"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-pipe.set.kea320864933d","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-pipe.set.o043"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER PIPE v1 SET PIPE_EXECUTION_PAUSED = TRUE , COMMENT = 'm' ;","sql_sha256":"ea320864933da15564f2fa32f39c2c7472592d58d845b7b11babe19b547be9da","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-pipe.set.keee15c882a5d","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-pipe.set.o015"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER PIPE v1 SET COMMENT = m1 ;","sql_sha256":"eee15c882a5d747c2f7e909e64b2ae00fab4a5529ae633692c0143a75871a23b","stage":"semantic"}
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 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-pipe.unset-comment.k1872613d1728","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-pipe.unset-comment.o018"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER PIPE SELECT UNSET v1 ;","sql_sha256":"1872613d172889c0d3405ce65e0552b0a1462aabaae3b6c85d51f686d41a4b7e"}
@@ -8065,7 +8065,7 @@
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k2c17478fa2e8","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o478"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER STAGE v1 SET URL = 's3://b1/p1/' USE_PRIVATELINK_ENDPOINT = ;","sql_sha256":"2c17478fa2e8bf62cea914f7e59a2caec5ceb2be466e78bb31207fcd9a7484f3"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k30fd057c3cfc","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o143"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER STAGE v1 SET ENCRYPTION = ( TYPE = 'AZURE_CSE' MASTER_KEY = m1 ) ;","sql_sha256":"30fd057c3cfc5f7b651e70d35fb97686f31483b1179fe09252a9090aa4275f74","stage":"semantic"}
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-{"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k3348a58b337a","expect":"observe","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o600"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER STAGE v1 SET = ( ) ;","sql_sha256":"3348a58b337a77b6a7cf7e559acf1352f00da31cfe5e8445867b36eb73004d10"}
+{"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k3348a58b337a","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o600"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER STAGE v1 SET = ( ) ;","sql_sha256":"3348a58b337a77b6a7cf7e559acf1352f00da31cfe5e8445867b36eb73004d10"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k398293750b2a","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o566","sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o568","sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o569"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER STAGE v1 SET URL = 's3://b1/p1/' CREDENTIALS = ( AWS_ROLE = 'm' ) ;","sql_sha256":"398293750b2a05058f4b908d91396f2a9290607b127105766162ea36ebe70653","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k3aa1cece3451","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o470"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER STAGE v1 SET URL = 's3://b1/p1/' CREDENTIALS = AWS_KEY_ID = 'm' AWS_SECRET_KEY = 'm' ) ;","sql_sha256":"3aa1cece3451b9d602e9133af5c3c57dab01c3235b4e67d723dba9c66a29d88a"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k3c9ca005e604","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o616"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER STAGE v1 SET URL = gcs://b1/p1/ ;","sql_sha256":"3c9ca005e60424137120d9bdd39746a8c896f47253ffedcb12af8827a8cfff17"}
@@ -8102,7 +8102,7 @@
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k6d5503227399","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o115"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER STAGE v1 SET ENCRYPTION = ( TYPE = 'GCS_SSE_KMS' KMS_KEY_ID = ) ;","sql_sha256":"6d55032273997cbb58c8226c369ad440071fd719d1ce58eafc301a474d234356"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k71d4a584aa98","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o619"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER STAGE v1 SET URL = ;","sql_sha256":"71d4a584aa9846ec36820c89e1915afbfa2b04ccf85647b34f9ece0d6f7d3aeb"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k7288824f81d1","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o075"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER STAGE v1 SET URL = 's3://b1/p1/' CREDENTIALS = ( AWS_KEY_ID = 'm' AWS_SECRET_KEY = 'm' AWS_TOKEN = ) ;","sql_sha256":"7288824f81d1345fe4ca0dae0250946b2f861f02d8c45b817bdf416f46e883bb"}
-{"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k74020578524f","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o615"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER STAGE v1 SET URL = 'gcs://b1/p1/' ;","sql_sha256":"74020578524fdbebf3ded20b58e8ff0b69ab667a10f29b71e0d3c02cae0541b0"}
+{"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k74020578524f","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o615"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER STAGE v1 SET URL = 'gcs://b1/p1/' ;","sql_sha256":"74020578524fdbebf3ded20b58e8ff0b69ab667a10f29b71e0d3c02cae0541b0","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k7a935134aa27","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o060"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER STAGE v1 SET URL = 's3://b1/p1/' STORAGE_INTEGRATION = ;","sql_sha256":"7a935134aa274676ff860f44e164fad97e399f37f5ba1d6e9f83e71a71cbfc4c"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k7b4a6d96c939","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o119","sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o121","sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o127","sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o135","sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o139","sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o142","sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o144"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER STAGE IF EXISTS v1 SET URL = 'azure://a1.blob.core.windows.net/c1/p1/' STORAGE_INTEGRATION = i1 ENCRYPTION = ( TYPE = 'AZURE_CSE' MASTER_KEY = 'm' ) USE_PRIVATELINK_ENDPOINT = TRUE FILE_FORMAT = ( FORMAT_NAME = 'm' ) COMMENT = 'm' ;","sql_sha256":"7b4a6d96c939125a01813c40e6fc91200bdb7aa0121175a7376925d16221b145","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k8b9ef4dbe393","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o384","sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o388","sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o392","sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o395","sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o397"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack ddl sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"d836f13abb97413a03ba01da1c54ad95147550c80c25092b61ac22bfb32bd85a","sql":"ALTER STAGE IF EXISTS v1 SET URL = 's3://b1/p1/' AWS_ACCESS_POINT_ARN = 'm' STORAGE_INTEGRATION = i1 ENCRYPTION = ( TYPE = 'AWS_CSE' MASTER_KEY = 'm' ) USE_PRIVATELINK_ENDPOINT = TRUE FILE_FORMAT = ( TYPE = ORC TRIM_SPACE = TRUE REPLACE_INVALID_CHARACTERS = TRUE NULL_IF = ( 'm' , 'm' ) ) COMMENT = 'm' ;","sql_sha256":"8b9ef4dbe39393ff38d3e4f0c18dc667acdaa29da8256d19539b49846bfcedb1","stage":"semantic"}
diff --git a/coverage/syntax/cases/dml.jsonl b/coverage/syntax/cases/dml.jsonl
index bab9df648..98cccc9dd 100644
--- a/coverage/syntax/cases/dml.jsonl
+++ b/coverage/syntax/cases/dml.jsonl
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-location.kbe94fbffa631","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-location.o070","sf.dml.copy-into-location.o095"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"COPY INTO @s1/ FROM v1 ;","sql_sha256":"be94fbffa631b28b180a2ee1e5e3eddf13490221d68859e13eb1095e4ced8320","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-location.kbfa0c565a55a","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-location.o217","sf.dml.copy-into-location.o219","sf.dml.copy-into-location.o221"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"COPY INTO @s1 FROM v1 FILE_FORMAT = ( TYPE = CSV FIELD_DELIMITER = 'm' ) ;","sql_sha256":"bfa0c565a55a11cc26ef0f8bb600ddf3003e61f128143d39f9a10b1fb39af887","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-location.kbff6c24843f2","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-location.o480","sf.dml.copy-into-location.o482","sf.dml.copy-into-location.o485"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"COPY INTO 'azure://a1.blob.core.windows.net/c1/p1/' FROM v1 STORAGE_INTEGRATION = i1 ;","sql_sha256":"bff6c24843f2965fd348586d853b39171a880559a83e301ae18ee943e3a7a7a8","stage":"semantic"}
-{"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-location.kc075e88d4ac6","expect":"observe","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-location.o535"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"COPY INTO 'azure://a1.blob.core.windows.net/c1/p1/' FROM v1 = ( ) ;","sql_sha256":"c075e88d4ac6e9cb01690b71e2f864946d07167dd8341209d936e055ee6009f5"}
+{"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-location.kc075e88d4ac6","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-location.o535"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"COPY INTO 'azure://a1.blob.core.windows.net/c1/p1/' FROM v1 = ( ) ;","sql_sha256":"c075e88d4ac6e9cb01690b71e2f864946d07167dd8341209d936e055ee6009f5"}
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-location.kc170b6189f01","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-location.o042"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"COPY @s1 FROM v1 ;","sql_sha256":"c170b6189f016f5d2bb75cc456f354680e7cf803933c321c3c96e5c50c54edee"}
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-location.kc22bc554b21d","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-location.o473"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"COPY INTO 'azure://a1.blob.core.windows.net/c1/p1/' FROM 'v1' . v1 ;","sql_sha256":"c22bc554b21d630690c49446616859ee9164707a312d4198cd472372e728710e"}
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-location.kc36fe838ad42","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-location.o009","sf.dml.copy-into-location.o019","sf.dml.copy-into-location.o060"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"COPY INTO @s1 FROM ( SELECT 1 ) ;","sql_sha256":"c36fe838ad42c7882e4a21980f57f1e308dc721e81325419b4283ea36db776df","stage":"semantic"}
@@ -712,7 +712,7 @@
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.kd84675b04fa0","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.o287"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"COPY INTO v1 FROM @s1 FILE_FORMAT = ( TYPE = CSV ESCAPE_UNENCLOSED_FIELD = NONE ) ;","sql_sha256":"d84675b04fa09e656b6b08846366f20ea7e731bf6e9cb18c87bfe11301a6d636","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.kd86baf864ca1","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.o194","sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.o197","sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.o201"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"COPY INTO v1 FROM 'azure://a1.blob.core.windows.net/c1/p1/' ENCRYPTION = ( ) ;","sql_sha256":"d86baf864ca162b5f15c1ab7e2576cde1321b24df16fe5ce295b0d6ad809d58a","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.kd943312b8951","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.o565"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"COPY INTO v1 FROM @s1 PURGE = FALSE ;","sql_sha256":"d943312b8951ca6ea06d1d2c5b5d11a03dec9a0ecef8447a7e57abeafd7d6fef","stage":"semantic"}
-{"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.kd9524c95ea90","expect":"observe","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.o718"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"COPY INTO v1 FROM 'azure://a1.blob.core.windows.net/c1/p1/' = ( ) ;","sql_sha256":"d9524c95ea900f1fcb46a4c2751e41d0cd31dfcb00b74ece3568e4f2112c7fbe"}
+{"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.kd9524c95ea90","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.o718"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"COPY INTO v1 FROM 'azure://a1.blob.core.windows.net/c1/p1/' = ( ) ;","sql_sha256":"d9524c95ea900f1fcb46a4c2751e41d0cd31dfcb00b74ece3568e4f2112c7fbe"}
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.kd9fddb1cd098","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.o021","sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.o023","sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.o025"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"COPY INTO v1 FROM @s1 FILES = ( 'm' , 'm' ) ;","sql_sha256":"d9fddb1cd09890643ffcec37e4fcf2fcdd600f74dd82854e270c162c9ea338b4","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.kdb55544857af","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.o361"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"COPY INTO v1 FROM @s1 FILE_FORMAT = ( TYPE = JSON BINARY_FORMAT = BASE64 ) ;","sql_sha256":"db55544857af685bfdb92c01a87288c2a13ff5695baf7d9b6706318051ed0d41","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.kdb7c1ae49e0c","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.o588"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"COPY INTO v1 FROM 's3://b1/p1/' ENCRYPTION = ) ;","sql_sha256":"db7c1ae49e0c6791d0df09612b2ccff614b04cad8a0d1cc18d0818485452f69e"}
diff --git a/coverage/syntax/cases/query.jsonl b/coverage/syntax/cases/query.jsonl
index 4d5ff4958..737752b1f 100644
--- a/coverage/syntax/cases/query.jsonl
+++ b/coverage/syntax/cases/query.jsonl
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.query.order-by.orderitem.k4c08160a42e2","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.query.order-by.orderitem.o033"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"SELECT 1 FROM t1 ORDER BY 'x' ;","sql_sha256":"4c08160a42e2e3f2d7c0a5e73c4c3cd4fbdcad88d405a2a5d2e4162ffa743578","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.query.order-by.orderitem.k62b51c8df1b0","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.query.order-by.orderitem.o006"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"SELECT 1 1 ORDER BY v1 ;","sql_sha256":"62b51c8df1b02db2f9053e6eecc86af4caeb64401a9b4716ab7939e03939600d"}
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.query.order-by.orderitem.k62df56a59c47","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.query.order-by.orderitem.o030"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"SELECT 1 FROM t1 ORDER BY \"SELECT\" ;","sql_sha256":"62df56a59c47efa91d6695449cc326d69c10fa8596389b287c9c0b7bb8b357e7","stage":"semantic"}
-{"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.query.order-by.orderitem.k6b0adc60d0fe","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.query.order-by.orderitem.o024"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"SELECT 1 FROM t1 ORDER BY v1 , v1 , v1 ;","sql_sha256":"6b0adc60d0fedd069bbe1f9079d515c57694bb2c35e5f314d356f810fa4c3104"}
+{"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.query.order-by.orderitem.k6b0adc60d0fe","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.query.order-by.orderitem.o024"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"SELECT 1 FROM t1 ORDER BY v1 , v1 , v1 ;","sql_sha256":"6b0adc60d0fedd069bbe1f9079d515c57694bb2c35e5f314d356f810fa4c3104","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.query.order-by.orderitem.k742359df4782","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.query.order-by.orderitem.o011","sf.query.order-by.orderitem.o015"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"SELECT 1 FROM t1 ORDER BY v1 + 1 ;","sql_sha256":"742359df4782ca3dd316a5ef27c4ae2950a62a296d6848cb14421a03cb5c0fef","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.query.order-by.orderitem.k7bd00d290b35","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.query.order-by.orderitem.o030"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"SELECT 1 FROM t1 ORDER BY SELECT ;","sql_sha256":"7bd00d290b3504711dacc0198c3a4f92e02ca04a7ca14495162353148c2640b8"}
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.query.order-by.orderitem.k9048834ea083","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.query.order-by.orderitem.o001","sf.query.order-by.orderitem.o009","sf.query.order-by.orderitem.o012","sf.query.order-by.orderitem.o017","sf.query.order-by.orderitem.o021","sf.query.order-by.orderitem.o025"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"SELECT 1 FROM t1 ORDER BY v1 ;","sql_sha256":"9048834ea083202335f346e18199ec254e81e9c5118763ca4198a51ca75b0b35","stage":"semantic"}
diff --git a/coverage/syntax/cases/utility.jsonl b/coverage/syntax/cases/utility.jsonl
index 6233030ea..630101df6 100644
--- a/coverage/syntax/cases/utility.jsonl
+++ b/coverage/syntax/cases/utility.jsonl
@@ -473,12 +473,12 @@
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.k3b9834d93e89","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o081"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack d103 sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"dce8638abaea401ada5d04d08af1c767fcef7652712fad7cf7cb87ccf6d3b60f","sql":"WITH v1 AS PROCEDURE ( ) RETURNS INT LANGUAGE SQL AS 'BEGIN RETURN 1 ; END' , \"v1 Q\" AS ( SELECT 1 ) CALL v1 ( ) ;","sql_sha256":"3b9834d93e897c984e0fa3ab26710ed20916cfce9e46e43b8d25fccfc7c1fad6"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.k3c3c74cf484f","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o103"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack d103 sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"dce8638abaea401ada5d04d08af1c767fcef7652712fad7cf7cb87ccf6d3b60f","sql":"WITH v1 AS PROCEDURE ( ) RETURNS INT LANGUAGE SQL AS 'BEGIN RETURN 1 ; END' , v1 ( SELECT 1 ) CALL v1 ( ) ;","sql_sha256":"3c3c74cf484fb72ab2d30df0062d590a17b0a754bae11aff0171f017a37f42a8"}
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.k481f461020b3","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o119"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"WITH v1 AS PROCEDURE ( ) RETURNS INT LANGUAGE SQL RETURNS ON NULL INPUT AS 'BEGIN RETURN 1 ; END' CALL v1 ( ) ;","sql_sha256":"481f461020b3cc872535eb622df74a3d75988bdc18b508ef3280e204ba54dd99"}
-{"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.k48740c5f6218","expect":"observe","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o107"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"WITH v1 AS PROCEDURE ( v1 ) RETURNS INT LANGUAGE SQL AS 'BEGIN RETURN 1 ; END' CALL v1 ( ) ;","sql_sha256":"48740c5f62182378caebb3c3ea9a7f42b1a16f6cb7c37c2788df4d7bd88ea3ec"}
+{"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.k48740c5f6218","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o107"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"WITH v1 AS PROCEDURE ( v1 ) RETURNS INT LANGUAGE SQL AS 'BEGIN RETURN 1 ; END' CALL v1 ( ) ;","sql_sha256":"48740c5f62182378caebb3c3ea9a7f42b1a16f6cb7c37c2788df4d7bd88ea3ec","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.k491d1b128fc0","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o117"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"WITH v1 AS PROCEDURE ( ) RETURNS INT LANGUAGE SQL ON NULL INPUT AS 'BEGIN RETURN 1 ; END' CALL v1 ( ) ;","sql_sha256":"491d1b128fc0a503dc10433defe7ad8f0107b79d650ce036cd611590b5c1d0e9"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.k51ff771e10bf","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o073"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack d103 sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"dce8638abaea401ada5d04d08af1c767fcef7652712fad7cf7cb87ccf6d3b60f","sql":"WITH v1 AS PROCEDURE ( ) RETURNS INT LANGUAGE SQL AS 'BEGIN RETURN 1 ; END' v1 ( ) ;","sql_sha256":"51ff771e10bf27c92cc38b968b0186882dfdcd9949e2fc2ad514b3c7c4800dba"}
 {"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.k523a254f6cb7","expect":"reject","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o116"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"WITH v1 AS PROCEDURE ( ) RETURNS ( ) LANGUAGE SQL AS 'BEGIN RETURN 1 ; END' CALL v1 ( ) ;","sql_sha256":"523a254f6cb747894aea1f527c3e51abd3fc6d3a29fa9ead0c4d936280169efa"}
-{"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.k56117592b40d","expect":"observe","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o109"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"WITH v1 AS PROCEDURE ( ) RETURNS TABLE ( v1 ) LANGUAGE SQL AS 'BEGIN RETURN 1 ; END' CALL v1 ( ) ;","sql_sha256":"56117592b40dde9d5f4799ffafc1b389c39ce2cf5db710393d45141a73e33ad4"}
-{"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.k5745e852431d","expect":"observe","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o108"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"WITH v1 AS PROCEDURE ( INT ) RETURNS INT LANGUAGE SQL AS 'BEGIN RETURN 1 ; END' CALL v1 ( ) ;","sql_sha256":"5745e852431de10403094caecc4f67188310f52516719f57c26b42836a973189"}
+{"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.k56117592b40d","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o109"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"WITH v1 AS PROCEDURE ( ) RETURNS TABLE ( v1 ) LANGUAGE SQL AS 'BEGIN RETURN 1 ; END' CALL v1 ( ) ;","sql_sha256":"56117592b40dde9d5f4799ffafc1b389c39ce2cf5db710393d45141a73e33ad4","stage":"semantic"}
+{"capture":"execute","case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.k5745e852431d","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o108"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":[],"setup_sha256":"4f53cda18c2baa0c0354bb5f9a3ecbe5ed12ab4d8e11ba873c2f11161202b945","sql":"WITH v1 AS PROCEDURE ( INT ) RETURNS INT LANGUAGE SQL AS 'BEGIN RETURN 1 ; END' CALL v1 ( ) ;","sql_sha256":"5745e852431de10403094caecc4f67188310f52516719f57c26b42836a973189","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.k5b6a414f0fd1","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o076"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack d103 sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"dce8638abaea401ada5d04d08af1c767fcef7652712fad7cf7cb87ccf6d3b60f","sql":"WITH \"SELECT\" AS PROCEDURE ( ) RETURNS INT LANGUAGE SQL AS 'BEGIN RETURN 1 ; END' CALL v1 ( ) ;","sql_sha256":"5b6a414f0fd103a974aa858eb495cb46237b6d72ca9dc29a2add475f70420d41","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.k5fb30861c6ab","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o013","sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o019","sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o022","sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o025"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack d103 sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"dce8638abaea401ada5d04d08af1c767fcef7652712fad7cf7cb87ccf6d3b60f","sql":"WITH v1 AS PROCEDURE ( v1 INT , v1 INT ) RETURNS TABLE ( v1 INT , v1 INT ) LANGUAGE SQL CALLED ON NULL INPUT AS 'BEGIN RETURN 1 ; END' , v1 ( v1 ) AS ( SELECT 1 ) CALL v1 ( v1 => v1 , v1 => v1 ) INTO :v1 ;","sql_sha256":"5fb30861c6ab492fed27b247ac37ecb82cf6e1b287ec355490c59d19291c6e78","stage":"semantic"}
 {"capture":"execute_ddl_in_run_database","case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.k65b59ea8cc0f","expect":"accept","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o029","sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o043","sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o046","sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o051","sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o053","sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o056","sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o074","sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o085","sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o088","sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o091","sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o093","sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o095","sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o098","sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o101"],"session":{"ABORT_DETACHED_QUERY":true,"STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"STATEMENT_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS":30,"TIMEZONE":"UTC","USE_CACHED_RESULT":false},"session_sha256":"c2b87f85a8229ee648b5f718b90d87093a916ed0842c86f29bfccd5c4484ad7d","setup":["CREATE DATABASE <run_database> COMMENT = 'sqlquack d103 sweep <run_nonce>'","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.CASES","CREATE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>","USE SCHEMA <run_database>.<case_schema>"],"setup_sha256":"dce8638abaea401ada5d04d08af1c767fcef7652712fad7cf7cb87ccf6d3b60f","sql":"WITH v1 AS PROCEDURE ( v1 INT , v1 INT ) RETURNS INT LANGUAGE SQL CALLED ON NULL INPUT AS 'BEGIN RETURN 1 ; END' , v1 ( v1 ) AS ( SELECT 1 ) CALL v1 ( v1 => v1 , v1 => v1 ) INTO :v1 ;","sql_sha256":"65b59ea8cc0f69ae36ce81077d2fca37bc58aba59baec3a22e48432e55467183","stage":"semantic"}
diff --git a/coverage/syntax/marks/ddl.jsonl b/coverage/syntax/marks/ddl.jsonl
index 752b6816e..36afef8fe 100644
--- a/coverage/syntax/marks/ddl.jsonl
+++ b/coverage/syntax/marks/ddl.jsonl
@@ -787,6 +787,7 @@
 {"case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k17bbe9a9d5bf","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o054"],"sql_sha256":"17bbe9a9d5bf25ac0155b97bec8e68197f945d2b0103ca82ca3ec27b79f8a360"}
 {"case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k1df34fb3e445","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o128","sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o579"],"sql_sha256":"1df34fb3e445c30fc980aea51bbf553e71182c6e8640cc76e16d1968628b71a1"}
 {"case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k30fd057c3cfc","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o143"],"sql_sha256":"30fd057c3cfc5f7b651e70d35fb97686f31483b1179fe09252a9090aa4275f74"}
+{"case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k3348a58b337a","mark":"settled reject (D133)","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o600"],"sql_sha256":"3348a58b337a77b6a7cf7e559acf1352f00da31cfe5e8445867b36eb73004d10"}
 {"case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k4d574ea5f94e","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o077"],"sql_sha256":"4d574ea5f94e1e9f7f4583c035db20ab3c63075a48380bed3d4899b53bedd207"}
 {"case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k5a076db5a0a0","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o080"],"sql_sha256":"5a076db5a0a0eef0041133475ef800ec215cf99b230c57b5633644344185c180"}
 {"case_id":"sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.k635d8ff3559a","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.ddl.alter-stage.set.syntax.o587"],"sql_sha256":"635d8ff3559af4b08da0e4567adced4fa39f2ee58b7b4b58d95a881b149ce256"}
diff --git a/coverage/syntax/marks/dml.jsonl b/coverage/syntax/marks/dml.jsonl
index 8c2284594..9405f9bb9 100644
--- a/coverage/syntax/marks/dml.jsonl
+++ b/coverage/syntax/marks/dml.jsonl
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@
 {"case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-location.kad25d1767527","mark":"documented (D113)","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-location.o522","sf.dml.copy-into-location.o523"],"sql_sha256":"ad25d1767527a0eba657835dfbecd8beae3ee6d4eda365437bb6ee15287937aa"}
 {"case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-location.kadf7b5a8147a","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-location.o491"],"sql_sha256":"adf7b5a8147a88238586ffcd49357d027e5ebf67ac653065ed0a6481d94e3abc"}
 {"case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-location.kbe94fbffa631","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-location.o070","sf.dml.copy-into-location.o095"],"sql_sha256":"be94fbffa631b28b180a2ee1e5e3eddf13490221d68859e13eb1095e4ced8320"}
+{"case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-location.kc075e88d4ac6","mark":"settled reject (D133)","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-location.o535"],"sql_sha256":"c075e88d4ac6e9cb01690b71e2f864946d07167dd8341209d936e055ee6009f5"}
 {"case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-location.kc640f432db34","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-location.o517","sf.dml.copy-into-location.o518"],"sql_sha256":"c640f432db346ecfacc252fc1a73786428acf78dea39c21fbd4e211a32a4b07f"}
 {"case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-location.kc69193b2a173","mark":"documented (D113)","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-location.o524"],"sql_sha256":"c69193b2a173443125bcba8f534d8deb305fea6a849e2d455315310378ef9d7b"}
 {"case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-location.kcaa10d09b9c0","mark":"settled reject (D133)","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-location.o509"],"sql_sha256":"caa10d09b9c047d24f9f833b6289a82dfc79526d9c219717c82554088e3b38cf"}
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@
 {"case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.kd081e8895726","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.o104"],"sql_sha256":"d081e8895726509e794b7f7b94f6d58847a30e097e53705f16d19d516e290bf2"}
 {"case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.kd37c018f9cde","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.o707"],"sql_sha256":"d37c018f9cdea4087e2984911ed68d11ba2111d2708c41d237a25edd6bb695be"}
 {"case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.kd78c8f892a15","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.o100"],"sql_sha256":"d78c8f892a156f6b1e51218b578b4972df1fc9d338db1e0822a47684aaef970d"}
+{"case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.kd9524c95ea90","mark":"settled reject (D133)","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.o718"],"sql_sha256":"d9524c95ea900f1fcb46a4c2751e41d0cd31dfcb00b74ece3568e4f2112c7fbe"}
 {"case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.ke5f97a9a7818","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.o708"],"sql_sha256":"e5f97a9a78183fa7b7f608c62c0ba418076ab21537af13d4fa228479d8fe3e8f"}
 {"case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.keaf61ad7ca03","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.o188"],"sql_sha256":"eaf61ad7ca03fe5518674b5c89d50d912763b13a584445b6ab299983217adc51"}
 {"case_id":"sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.keb950e5fbe8f","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.dml.copy-into-table.internalstage-externalstage-externallocation.o266"],"sql_sha256":"eb950e5fbe8ff7f7618ec7440cdf7f3c046cffed9e44b33bf7551fa2ceabfcc8"}
diff --git a/coverage/syntax/marks/utility.jsonl b/coverage/syntax/marks/utility.jsonl
index 787827bec..f638f94d4 100644
--- a/coverage/syntax/marks/utility.jsonl
+++ b/coverage/syntax/marks/utility.jsonl
@@ -46,6 +46,9 @@
 {"case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-scala-runtime-version.kf458706e8d2a","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-scala-runtime-version.o139","sf.utility.call-with.table-language-scala-runtime-version.scala.o134"],"sql_sha256":"f458706e8d2abd424aed19a96af92048d1c0759c95e27809593d628d8a016d89"}
 {"case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-scala-runtime-version.scala.k5d283adb7113","mark":"documented (D113)","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-scala-runtime-version.scala.o140"],"sql_sha256":"5d283adb7113f332415c4ee97f57b0871ba3cda6d9073fd15e4b5dc8288cdfde"}
 {"case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.k317b22be8cd0","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o114"],"sql_sha256":"317b22be8cd0ddc9cbe9ec918d7c7bf899d247401efc91fdf618692e193c4492"}
+{"case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.k48740c5f6218","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o107"],"sql_sha256":"48740c5f62182378caebb3c3ea9a7f42b1a16f6cb7c37c2788df4d7bd88ea3ec"}
+{"case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.k56117592b40d","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o109"],"sql_sha256":"56117592b40dde9d5f4799ffafc1b389c39ce2cf5db710393d45141a73e33ad4"}
+{"case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.k5745e852431d","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o108"],"sql_sha256":"5745e852431de10403094caecc4f67188310f52516719f57c26b42836a973189"}
 {"case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.kc77f770b6dd2","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o115"],"sql_sha256":"c77f770b6dd2828ad3106207d9ea0bdaf5414046658c30fa34f4ba093c50d8e2"}
 {"case_id":"sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.ke965d32177f9","mark":"settled reject (D133)","obligations":["sf.utility.call-with.table-language-sql-as.o037"],"sql_sha256":"e965d32177f95f8abd734e535be30d8838980b5685949e2a081d3b070607bbe0"}
 {"case_id":"sf.utility.execute-code-bundle.k3e0f6abaed66","mark":"settled accept (D133)","obligations":["sf.utility.execute-code-bundle.o012"],"sql_sha256":"3e0f6abaed66c8ab106b80732d983e5dec6d72f32055be2d5ba8cf3758506957"}
diff --git a/crates/sqlquack-syntax/src/parser/_helpers/ddl/scripting.rs b/crates/sqlquack-syntax/src/parser/_helpers/ddl/scripting.rs
index 641a04ca3..fabc96bc1 100644
--- a/crates/sqlquack-syntax/src/parser/_helpers/ddl/scripting.rs
+++ b/crates/sqlquack-syntax/src/parser/_helpers/ddl/scripting.rs
@@ -837,6 +837,9 @@ impl Parser {
         };
 
         let files = self.parse_copy_files(has_to, kind)?;
+        if (kind || has_to) && files.is_empty() && self.applies_snowflake_context_rules() {
+            return Err(self.parse_error("Expected a table, query or location after FROM or TO"));
+        }
 
         let mut params: Vec<CopyParameter> = Vec::new();
         let mut credentials = None;
diff --git a/crates/sqlquack-syntax/tests/parser/test_snowflake_recorded.rs b/crates/sqlquack-syntax/tests/parser/test_snowflake_recorded.rs
index 6fb860578..51d68f154 100644
--- a/crates/sqlquack-syntax/tests/parser/test_snowflake_recorded.rs
+++ b/crates/sqlquack-syntax/tests/parser/test_snowflake_recorded.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,18 @@ use crate::test_types::{AcceptanceTestCase, ProjectionTestCase};
 #[test]
 fn given_recorded_snowflake_cases_when_parsing_then_acceptance_matches_snowflake() {
     let test_cases = [
+        AcceptanceTestCase {
+            description: "COPY INTO a location needs a source after FROM (recorded errno 1003)",
+            sql: "COPY INTO 'azure://a1.blob.core.windows.net/c1/p1/' FROM v1 = ( ) ;",
+            dialect: Dialect::Snowflake,
+            expected_accepted: false,
+        },
+        AcceptanceTestCase {
+            description: "COPY INTO a location from a table takes CREDENTIALS (recorded errno 1008, after parsing)",
+            sql: "COPY INTO 'azure://a1.blob.core.windows.net/c1/p1/' FROM v1 CREDENTIALS = ( ) ;",
+            dialect: Dialect::Snowflake,
+            expected_accepted: true,
+        },
         AcceptanceTestCase {
             description: "UNDROP takes a stage (recorded success)",
             sql: "UNDROP STAGE \"v1 Q\" ;",