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[dolphinflow86] WEEK 09 Solutions - #2826

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@dolphinflow86

@dolphinflow86 dolphinflow86 commented Aug 20, 2026

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๋‹ต์•ˆ ์ œ์ถœ ๋ฌธ์ œ

  • linked-list-cycle
  • maximum-product-subarray
  • minimum-window-substring
  • pacific-atlantic-water-flow
  • sum-of-two-integers

์ž‘์„ฑ์ž ์ฒดํฌ ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ

  • Projects์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ(โ–ผ)์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ํ™•์žฅํ•œ ๋’ค, Week๋ฅผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฃผ์ฐจ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
  • ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ‘ธ์‹œ๋ฉด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ Status๋ฅผ In Review๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
  • ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ์ž 1๋ถ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์Šน์ธ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด PR์„ ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.

๊ฒ€ํ† ์ž ์ฒดํฌ ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ

Important

๋ณธ์ธ ๋‹ต์•ˆ ์ œ์ถœ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„ PR ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!

  • ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด์ „์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜จ PR์— ๋ณธ์ธ์„ ์ฝ”๋“œ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ์–ด๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
  • ๋ณธ์ธ์ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” PR์˜ ๋‹ต์•ˆ ์ฝ”๋“œ์— ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
  • ํ† ์š”์ผ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ PR์„ ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์Šน์ธํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.

@dalestudy

dalestudy Bot commented Aug 20, 2026

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โš ๏ธ Week ์„ค์ •์ด ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ Week๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”!

์„ค์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

  1. PR ์šฐ์ธก์˜ Projects ์„น์…˜์—์„œ ๋ฆฌํŠธ์ฝ”๋“œ ์Šคํ„ฐ๋”” ์˜† ๋“œ๋กญ๋‹ค์šด(โ–ผ) ํด๋ฆญ
  2. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฃผ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š” (์˜ˆ: Week 14(current) ๋˜๋Š” Week 14)

๐Ÿ“š ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ ๋ณด๊ธฐ


๐Ÿค– ์ด ๋Œ“๊ธ€์€ GitHub App์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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๐Ÿท๏ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ํŒจํ„ด ๋ถ„์„

linked-list-cycle/dolphinflow86.py
# N is the number of nodes in the linked list.
# TC: O(N) - visits each node at most twice
# SC: O(1) - uses only two pointers without extra space

# Definition for singly-linked list.
# class ListNode:
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.next = None

from typing import Optional


class Solution:

    def hasCycle(self, head: Optional[ListNode]) -> bool:
        if not head or not head.next:
            return False

        slow = head
        fast = head

        while fast and fast.next:
            slow = slow.next
            fast = fast.next.next

            if slow == fast:
                return True

        return False
  • ํŒจํ„ด: Two Pointers, Fast & Slow Pointers
  • ์„ค๋ช…: ํ—ค๋“œ ํฌ์ธํ„ฐ์™€ ์Šฌ๋กœ์šฐ/ํŒจ์ŠคํŠธ ํฌ์ธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ˆœํ™˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋“œ์”ฉ ๋А๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ, ๋‘ ๋…ธ๋“œ์”ฉ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์—†์ด O(N) ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ O(1) ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“Š ์‹œ๊ฐ„/๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žก๋„ ๋ถ„์„

๋ณต์žก๋„
Time O(n)
Space O(1)

ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ: ๋‘ ํฌ์ธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆœํšŒ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ €์žฅ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์—†์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํด ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋ณ„ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐœ์„  ์ œ์•ˆ: ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ’ก ํ’€์ด์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„/๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žก๋„๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋ณด์„ธ์š”!

@dalestudy

dalestudy Bot commented Aug 20, 2026

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๐Ÿ“Š dolphinflow86 ๋‹˜์˜ ํ•™์Šต ํ˜„ํ™ฉ

์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ ์ œ์ถœ ๋ฌธ์ œ

๋ฌธ์ œ ๋‚œ์ด๋„ ์œ ํ˜• ๋ถ„์„
linked-list-cycle Easy โœ… ์˜๋„ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•
maximum-product-subarray Medium โœ… ์˜๋„ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•
minimum-window-substring Hard โœ… ์˜๋„ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•
pacific-atlantic-water-flow Medium โœ… ์˜๋„ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•
sum-of-two-integers Medium โœ… ์˜๋„ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•

๋ˆ„์  ํ•™์Šต ์š”์•ฝ

  • ํ’€์ดํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ: 40 / 75๊ฐœ
  • ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ ์œ ํ˜• ์ผ์น˜์œจ: 100% (5๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ 5๋ฌธ์ œ ์ผ์น˜)

๋ฌธ์ œ ํ’€์ด ํ˜„ํ™ฉ

์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ์ง„ํ–‰๋„ ์™„๋ฃŒ
Dynamic Programming โ– โ– โ– โ– โ– โ– โ–ก 9 / 11 (Easy 1, Medium 8)
Array โ– โ– โ– โ– โ– โ– โ–ก 8 / 10 (Medium 5, Easy 3)
String โ– โ– โ– โ– โ– โ– โ–ก 8 / 10 (Medium 5, Easy 3)
Matrix โ– โ– โ– โ– โ– โ–กโ–ก 3 / 4 (Medium 3)
Binary โ– โ– โ– โ–กโ–กโ–กโ–ก 2 / 5 (Easy 2)
Graph โ– โ– โ– โ–กโ–กโ–กโ–ก 3 / 8 (Medium 3)
Linked List โ– โ– โ–กโ–กโ–กโ–กโ–ก 2 / 6 (Easy 2)
Heap โ– โ– โ–กโ–กโ–กโ–กโ–ก 1 / 3 (Medium 1)
Tree โ– โ– โ–กโ–กโ–กโ–กโ–ก 4 / 14 (Medium 3, Easy 1)
Interval โ–กโ–กโ–กโ–กโ–กโ–กโ–ก 0 / 5 โ† ์•„์ง ์‹œ์ž‘ ์•ˆ ํ•จ

๐Ÿค– ์ด ๋Œ“๊ธ€์€ GitHub App์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ”ข API ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ (gpt-5-nano)
์š”์ฒญ ์ž…๋ ฅ ํ† ํฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ํ† ํฐ ํ•ฉ๊ณ„ ๋น„์šฉ
1 1,284 127 1,411 $0.000115
2 1,291 143 1,434 $0.000122
3 2,206 249 2,455 $0.000210
4 2,206 256 2,462 $0.000213
5 2,206 199 2,405 $0.000190
ํ•ฉ๊ณ„ 9,193 974 10,167 $0.000849

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๐Ÿท๏ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ํŒจํ„ด ๋ถ„์„

maximum-product-subarray/dolphinflow86.py
# N is the length of array nums.
# TC: O(N) - single pass maintaining maximum and minimum product
# SC: O(1) - uses constant extra variables

from typing import List


class Solution:

    def maxProduct(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
        if not nums:
            return 0

        res = nums[0]
        cur_max = nums[0]
        cur_min = nums[0]

        for i in range(1, len(nums)):
            num = nums[i]

            if num < 0:
                tmp = cur_max
                cur_max = cur_min
                cur_min = tmp

            cur_max = max(num, cur_max * num)
            cur_min = min(num, cur_min * num)

            res = max(res, cur_max)

        return res
  • ํŒจํ„ด: Two Pointers, Dynamic Programming, Bit Manipulation
  • ์„ค๋ช…: ์—ฐ์† ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฐ์—ด์˜ ๊ณฑ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ์–‘์ˆ˜/์Œ์ˆ˜ ์ „ํ™˜ ์‹œ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ/์ž‘์€ ๊ณฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์ˆœํšŒ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” DP ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ํ’€์ด์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ cur_max์™€ cur_min์„ ํŠธ๋ž™ํ‚นํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“Š ์‹œ๊ฐ„/๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žก๋„ ๋ถ„์„

๋ณต์žก๋„
Time O(n)
Space O(1)

ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ: ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค์ง‘ํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด cur_max์™€ cur_min์„ ๊ต์ฐจ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐœ์„  ์ œ์•ˆ: ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ’ก ํ’€์ด์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„/๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žก๋„๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋ณด์„ธ์š”!

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๐Ÿท๏ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ํŒจํ„ด ๋ถ„์„

minimum-window-substring/dolphinflow86.py
# S and T are the lengths of strings s and t respectively.
# TC: O(S + T) - expanding and contracting sliding window with frequency counts
# SC: O(S + T) - hash tables store frequency counts of unique characters

from collections import Counter


class Solution:

    def minWindow(self, s: str, t: str) -> str:
        if not s or not t:
            return ""

        target_counts = Counter(t)
        window_counts = {}

        have = 0
        need = len(target_counts)

        res = [-1, -1]
        res_len = float("inf")
        left = 0

        for right in range(len(s)):
            char = s[right]
            window_counts[char] = window_counts.get(char, 0) + 1

            if char in target_counts and window_counts[char] == target_counts[char]:
                have += 1

            while have == need:
                if (right - left + 1) < res_len:
                    res = [left, right]
                    res_len = right - left + 1

                left_char = s[left]
                window_counts[left_char] -= 1

                if left_char in target_counts and window_counts[left_char] < target_counts[left_char]:
                    have -= 1

                left += 1

        l, r = res
        return s[l : r + 1] if res_len != float("inf") else ""
  • ํŒจํ„ด: Sliding Window, Hash Map / Hash Set
  • ์„ค๋ช…: ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด s์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ฐฝ์„ ์ขŒ์šฐ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ/์ถ•์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ž ๋นˆ๋„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ์œˆ๋„์šฐ ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ, ๋ฌธ์ž ๋นˆ๋„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด์‹œ ๋งต ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ํŒจํ„ด์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“Š ์‹œ๊ฐ„/๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žก๋„ ๋ถ„์„

๋ณต์žก๋„
Time O(
Space O(

ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ: ํƒ€๊ฒŸ ๋ฌธ์ž ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์œˆ๋„์šฐ์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐœ์„  ์ œ์•ˆ: ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ’ก ํ’€์ด์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„/๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žก๋„๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋ณด์„ธ์š”!

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๐Ÿท๏ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ํŒจํ„ด ๋ถ„์„

linked-list-cycle/dolphinflow86.py
# N is the number of nodes in the linked list.
# TC: O(N) - visits each node at most twice
# SC: O(1) - uses only two pointers without extra space

# Definition for singly-linked list.
# class ListNode:
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.next = None


class Solution:

    def hasCycle(self, head) -> bool:
        if not head or not head.next:
            return False

        slow = head
        fast = head

        while fast and fast.next:
            slow = slow.next
            fast = fast.next.next

            if slow == fast:
                return True

        return False
  • ํŒจํ„ด: Two Pointers, Fast & Slow Pointers
  • ์„ค๋ช…: ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฝ”๋“œ๋Š” ๋‘ ํฌ์ธํ„ฐ(slow์™€ fast)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ˆœํ™˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” Fast & Slow Pointers ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ™์€ ๋…ธ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ดํด์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์›๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žก๋„๋Š” O(N), ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žก๋„๋Š” O(1)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“Š ์‹œ๊ฐ„/๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žก๋„ ๋ถ„์„

๋ณต์žก๋„
Time O(n)
Space O(1)

ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ: ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ตฌํ˜„์€ Floyd์˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ํƒ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์ˆœํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ์ดํด ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐœ์„  ์ œ์•ˆ: ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ’ก ํ’€์ด์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„/๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žก๋„๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋ณด์„ธ์š”!

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๐Ÿท๏ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ํŒจํ„ด ๋ถ„์„

maximum-product-subarray/dolphinflow86.py
# N is the length of array nums.
# TC: O(N) - single pass maintaining maximum and minimum product
# SC: O(1) - uses constant extra variables


class Solution:

    def maxProduct(self, nums) -> int:
        if not nums:
            return 0

        res = nums[0]
        cur_max = nums[0]
        cur_min = nums[0]

        for i in range(1, len(nums)):
            num = nums[i]

            if num < 0:
                tmp = cur_max
                cur_max = cur_min
                cur_min = tmp

            cur_max = max(num, cur_max * num)
            cur_min = min(num, cur_min * num)

            res = max(res, cur_max)

        return res
  • ํŒจํ„ด: Two Pointers, Dynamic Programming, Greedy, Bit Manipulation, Hash Map / Hash Set, Divide and Conquer, Monotonic Stack, Binary Search, BFS, DFS, Backtracking, Union Find, Trie, Heap / Priority Queue
  • ์„ค๋ช…: ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฐ์—ด ๊ณฑ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€/์ตœ์†Œ ๊ณฑ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์ˆœํšŒ๋กœ ๊ฐฑ์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ, ์Œ์ˆ˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์‹œ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋‘ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ต์ฐจ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“Š ์‹œ๊ฐ„/๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žก๋„ ๋ถ„์„

๋ณต์žก๋„
Time O(n)
Space O(1)

ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ: ์—ฐ์† ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ณฑ์„ ๊ฐฑ์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ ๋ฐ˜์ „ ์‹œ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ฐ’์ด ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐœ์„  ์ œ์•ˆ: ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ’ก ํ’€์ด์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„/๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žก๋„๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋ณด์„ธ์š”!

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๐Ÿท๏ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ํŒจํ„ด ๋ถ„์„

minimum-window-substring/dolphinflow86.py
# S and T are the lengths of strings s and t respectively.
# TC: O(S + T) - expanding and contracting sliding window with frequency counts
# SC: O(S + T) - hash tables store frequency counts of unique characters


class Solution:

    def minWindow(self, s: str, t: str) -> str:
        if not s or not t:
            return ""

        target_counts = {}
        for char in t:
            target_counts[char] = target_counts.get(char, 0) + 1

        window_counts = {}

        have = 0
        need = len(target_counts)

        res = [-1, -1]
        res_len = float("inf")
        left = 0

        for right in range(len(s)):
            char = s[right]
            window_counts[char] = window_counts.get(char, 0) + 1

            if char in target_counts and window_counts[char] == target_counts[char]:
                have += 1

            while have == need:
                if (right - left + 1) < res_len:
                    res = [left, right]
                    res_len = right - left + 1

                left_char = s[left]
                window_counts[left_char] -= 1

                if (
                    left_char in target_counts
                    and window_counts[left_char] < target_counts[left_char]
                ):
                    have -= 1

                left += 1

        l, r = res
        return s[l : r + 1] if res_len != float("inf") else ""
  • ํŒจํ„ด: Sliding Window, Hash Map / Hash Set
  • ์„ค๋ช…: ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด s์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด ์ฐฝ์„ ์ขŒ์šฐ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ/์ถ•์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ์œˆ๋„์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ, ๋ฌธ์ž ๋“ฑ์žฅ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ธ๋Š” ํ•ด์‹œ ๋งต์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ž ์ง‘ํ•ฉ๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฐฝ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“Š ์‹œ๊ฐ„/๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žก๋„ ๋ถ„์„

๋ณต์žก๋„
Time O(n + m)
Space O(K)

ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ: ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ์œˆ๋„์šฐ์™€ ํ•ด์‹œ๋งต์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ ์ฐฝ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค.

๊ฐœ์„  ์ œ์•ˆ: ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ’ก ํ’€์ด์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„/๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žก๋„๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋ณด์„ธ์š”!

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๐Ÿท๏ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ํŒจํ„ด ๋ถ„์„

pacific-atlantic-water-flow/dolphinflow86.py
# M is the number of rows, and N is the number of columns.
# TC: O(M * N) - visits each cell constant number of times via DFS
# SC: O(M * N) - stores visited sets and recursion stack for both oceans


class Solution:

    def pacificAtlantic(self, heights):
        if not heights or not heights[0]:
            return []

        rows, cols = len(heights), len(heights[0])
        pacific = set()
        atlantic = set()

        def dfs(r, c, visited, prev_height):
            if r < 0 or r >= rows or c < 0 or c >= cols:
                return

            if (r, c) in visited or heights[r][c] < prev_height:
                return

            visited.add((r, c))

            dfs(r + 1, c, visited, heights[r][c])
            dfs(r - 1, c, visited, heights[r][c])
            dfs(r, c + 1, visited, heights[r][c])
            dfs(r, c - 1, visited, heights[r][c])

        for c in range(cols):
            dfs(0, c, pacific, heights[0][c])
            dfs(rows - 1, c, atlantic, heights[rows - 1][c])

        for r in range(rows):
            dfs(r, 0, pacific, heights[r][0])
            dfs(r, cols - 1, atlantic, heights[r][cols - 1])

        return [[r, c] for r, c in pacific & atlantic]
  • ํŒจํ„ด: DFS, Backtracking, Graph Traversal
  • ์„ค๋ช…: ์ฝ”๋“œ๋Š” ๊นŠ์ด ์šฐ์„  ํƒ์ƒ‰(DFS)๋กœ ๋‘ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ๋„๋‹ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์…€์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ค‘๋ณต ํƒ์ƒ‰์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ , ์ธ์ ‘ ์…€๋กœ์˜ ์žฌ๊ท€ ํ˜ธ์ถœ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‘ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ต์ง‘ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ์ข… ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“Š ์‹œ๊ฐ„/๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žก๋„ ๋ถ„์„

๋ณต์žก๋„
Time O(mn)
Space O(mn)

ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ: DFS๋กœ ๊ฐ ์„ธํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‘ ํ•ด์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋„๋‹ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์…€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ํ–‰๋ ฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐœ์„  ์ œ์•ˆ: ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ’ก ํ’€์ด์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„/๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žก๋„๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋ณด์„ธ์š”!

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๐Ÿท๏ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ํŒจํ„ด ๋ถ„์„

sum-of-two-integers/dolphinflow86.py
# TC: O(1) - loops at most 32 times for 32-bit integer addition
# SC: O(1) - uses constant extra space


class Solution:

    def getSum(self, a: int, b: int) -> int:
        mask = 0xFFFFFFFF
        max_int = 0x7FFFFFFF

        while b != 0:
            carry = (a & b) << 1
            a = (a ^ b) & mask
            b = carry & mask

        return a if a <= max_int else ~(a ^ mask)
  • ํŒจํ„ด: Bit Manipulation
  • ์„ค๋ช…: ๋‘ ์ •์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ ๋น„ํŠธ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, XOR๋กœ ํ•ฉ์„, AND์™€ ์™ผ์‹œํ”„ํŠธ๋กœ ์บ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ˆ˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„/๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋น„ํŠธ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ํŒจํ„ด์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ“Š ์‹œ๊ฐ„/๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žก๋„ ๋ถ„์„

๋ณต์žก๋„
Time O(1)
Space O(1)

ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ: ๋น„ํŠธ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์‹œํ”„ํŠธ ๋ฐ ์บ๋ฆฌ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ˆ˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐœ์„  ์ œ์•ˆ: ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ’ก ํ’€์ด์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„/๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žก๋„๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋ณด์„ธ์š”!

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